Terminology
Colonization of Mars differs from the crewed Mars exploration missions currently pursued by public space agencies, as they aim to … 展开

Conditions on the surface of Mars are closer to the conditions on Earth in terms of temperature and sunlight than on any other planet or moon, except for the cloud tops of Venus. … 展开

Interplanetary spaceflight
Mars requires less energy per unit mass (delta V) to reach from Earth than any planet except Venus. Using a Hohmann transfer orbit, a trip to Mars requires approximately nine months in space. Modified transfer … 展开

In the literature there has been a differentiation of the different stages Mars settlement would encompass:
1. Pre … 展开

Gravity and size
The surface gravity of Mars is just 38% that of Earth. Although microgravity is known to cause health problems such as muscle loss and bone … 展开

Colonization of Mars would require a wide variety of equipment—both equipment to directly provide services to humans and production equipment used … 展开

The path to a human colony could be prepared by robotic systems such as the Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit, Opportunity, 展开