The 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to three researchers who had discovered the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), the key protein that determines how each cell ...

HIF-1α+ macrophages were, in fact, highly abundant in sites of inflammation-associated intestinal fibrosis, but could not be found elsewhere in nearby regions of the intestine.

2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) is a potent antiangiogenic molecule that inhibits the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and, consequently, of VEGF and other HIF-1α target genes.